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disaster risk reduction
Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. It aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them: Heddre it has been strongly influenced by the mass of research on vulnerability that has appeared in print since the mid-1970s.〔Wisner B et al. 2004, ''At Risk: Natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters'' (London: Routledge)〕 It is the responsibility of development and relief agencies alike. It should be an integral part of the way such organizations do their work, not an add-on or one-off action. DRR is very wide-ranging: Its scope is much broader and deeper than conventional emergency management. There is potential for DRR initiatives in just about every sector of development and humanitarian work.
The most commonly cited definition of DRR is one used by UN agencies such as UNISDR, also known as the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, and UNDP: "The conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development."〔(''Living With Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives'' ), UNISDR, 2004; pg. 17〕
==Context==
Only 4% of the estimated $10 billion in annual humanitarian assistance is devoted to prevention, and yet every dollar spent on risk reduction saves between $5 and $10 in economic losses from disasters.〔("A Needless Toll of Natural Disasters" ), Op-Ed, ''Boston Globe'', 23 March 2006, by Eric Schwartz (UN Secretary General’s Deputy Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery〕
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